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Python Integer Manipulation

Fuction int()

Return an integer object constructed from a number or string x, or return 0 if no arguments are given. If x defines __int__(), int(x) returns x.__int__(). If x defines __index__(), it returns x.__index__(). If x defines __trunc__(), it returns x.__trunc__(). For floating point numbers, this truncates towards zero. If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string, bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in radix base. Optionally, the literal can be preceded by + or - (with no space in between) and surrounded by whitespace. A base-n literal consists of the digits 0 to n-1, with a to z (or A to Z) having values 10 to 35. The default base is 10. The allowed values are 0 and 2–36. Base-2, -8, and -16 literals can be optionally prefixed with 0b/0B, 0o/0O, or 0x/0X, as with integer literals in code. Base 0 means to interpret exactly as a code literal, so that the actual base is 2, 8, 10, or 16, and so that int('010', 0) is not legal, while int('010') is, as well as int('010', 8).

Syntax

class int([x])

class int(x, base=10)

Function round()

Return number rounded to ndigits precision after the decimal point. If ndigits is omitted or is None, it returns the nearest integer to its input. For the built-in types supporting round(), values are rounded to the closest multiple of 10 to the power minus ndigits; if two multiples are equally close, rounding is done toward the even choice (so, for example, both round(0.5) and round(-0.5) are 0, and round(1.5) is 2). Any integer value is valid for ndigits (positive, zero, or negative). The return value is an integer if ndigits is omitted or None. Otherwise the return value has the same type as number.

Syntax

round(number[, ndigits])

Fuction numpy.ceil()

Return the ceiling of the input, element-wise. The ceil of the scalar x is the smallest integer i, such that i >= x. It is often denoted as ⌈x⌉.

Syntax

numpy.ceil(x, /, out=None, *, where=True, casting='same_kind', order='K', dtype=None, subok=True[, signature, extobj]) = <ufunc 'ceil'>

Function numpy.floor()

Return the floor of the input, element-wise. The floor of the scalar x is the largest integer i, such that i <= x. It is often denoted as ⌊x⌋.

Syntax

 numpy.floor(x, /, out=None, *, where=True, casting='same_kind', order='K', dtype=None, subok=True[, signature, extobj]) = <ufunc 'floor'>

Function numpy.fix()

Round to nearest integer towards zero. Round an array of floats element-wise to nearest integer towards zero. The rounded values are returned as floats.

Syntax

numpy.fix(x, out=None)

Function numpy.trunc()

Return the truncated value of the input, element-wise. The truncated value of the scalar x is the nearest integer i which is closer to zero than x is. In short, the fractional part of the signed number x is discarded.

Syntax

numpy.trunc(x, /, out=None, *, where=True, casting='same_kind', order='K', dtype=None, subok=True[, signature, extobj]) = <ufunc 'trunc'>

Function numpy.rint()

Round elements of the array to the nearest integer.

Syntax

numpy.rint(x, /, out=None, *, where=True, casting='same_kind', order='K', dtype=None, subok=True[, signature, extobj]) = <ufunc 'rint'>

Summarized Examples"

Number-2.0-1.7-1.6-1.5-1.4-1.0-0.7-0.20.00.20.71.01.41.51.61.72.0−n+
        int-2-1-1-1-1-100000111112→.0←
        round-2-2-2-2-1-1-10001112222←.5→
        numpy.ceil-2.-1.-1.-1.-1.-1.-0.-0.0.1.1.1.2.2.2.2.2.→.0→
        numpy.floor-2.-2.-2.-2.-2.-1.-1.-1.0.0.0.1.1.1.1.1.2.←.0←
        numpy.fix-2.-1.-1.-1.-1.-1.-0.-0.0.0.0.1.1.1.1.1.2.→.0←
        numpy.trunc-2.-1.-1.-1.-1.-1.-0.-0.0.0.0.1.1.1.1.1.2.→.0←
        numpy.rint-2.-2.-2.-2.-1.-1.-1.-0.0.0.1.1.1.2.2.2.2.←.5→